1.     Not Answered     A scatter diagram shows the relationship among which of the following?

The Correct Answer: bivariate quantitative data

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2.     Not Answered     The Sanchez household is about to install solar panels to reduce the cost of heating their house. In order to know how much the solar panels help, they record their consumption of natural gas before the panels are installed. The table below gives the data for 16 months. Heating degree-days are the usual measure of demand for heating. One degree-day is accumulated for each degree a day’s average temperature falls below 65 degrees. An average temperature of 20 degrees Fahrenheit, for example, corresponds to 45 degree-days.

Month Degree-days Gas (100 cu. ft.)

The Correct Answer: amount of natural gas consumed

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3.     Not Answered     Refer back to question two. Make a scatter diagram of the data set. What type of relation appears to exist between the two variables?

The Correct Answer: positive linear association

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4.     Not Answered     Refer back to question two. What is the linear correlation coefficient, rounded to three decimal places?

The Correct Answer: 0.995

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5.     Not Answered     Refer back to your result from question 4. Based on the value of the linear correlation coefficient, what can be concluded?

The Correct Answer: There is almost a perfect positive linear association between the two variables.

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6.     Not Answered     Refer back to question two. What is the equation of the line that contains the points (13, 4.0) and (52, 11).

The Correct Answer: y = 7/39x + 5/3

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7.     Not Answered     Refer back to question two. Find the equation of the least-squares regression line.

The Correct Answer: y = 0.19x + 1.09

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8.     Not Answered     Refer back to question seven. Based on the equation of the least-squares regression line, predict the natural gas consumption for 48 degree-days.

The Correct Answer: 10.21

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9.     Not Answered     Refer back to question two. What are the residuals for this data set, rounded to two decimal places?

The Correct Answer: {0.67, 0.17, –0.32, 0.17, –0.70, 0.45, –0.15, 0.11, 0.11, –0.08, –0.12, –0.26, –0.36, 0.06, 0.08, 0.14}

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10.     Not Answered     How does the fuel consumption of a car change as its speed increases? Here are data for a British Ford Escort. Speed is measured in kilometers per hour, and fuel consumption is measured in liter of gasoline used per 100 kilometers traveled.

Speed (km/h) Fuel Used (liters/100 km)

What is the predictor variable?

The Correct Answer: speed

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11.     Not Answered     Refer back to question ten. What is the linear correlation coefficient, rounded to two decimal places?

The Correct Answer: –0.17

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12.     Not Answered     Refer back to question eleven. Based on the value of the linear correlation coefficient, what conclusion can you make?

The Correct Answer: There is evidence of no linear relationship between the two variables.

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13.     Not Answered     Refer back to question ten. What is the equation of the least-squares regression line?

The Correct Answer: y = –0.01x + 11.06

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14.     Not Answered     Refer back to question thirteen. Based on the equation of the least-squares regression line, predict the fuel consumption for a speed of 78 km/h.

The Correct Answer: 10.28

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15.     Not Answered     Refer back to question ten. What are the residuals for this data set, rounded to two decimal places?

The Correct Answer: {10.09, 2.24, –0.62, –2.47, –3.33, –4.28, –3.73, –2.94, –2.17, –1.32, –0.42, 0.57, 1.64, 2.76, 3.97}

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16.     Not Answered     The Sanchez household is about to install solar panels to reduce the cost of heating their house. In order to know how much the solar panels help, they record their consumption of natural gas before the panels are installed. The table below gives the data for 16 months. Heating degree-days are the usual measure of demand for heating. One degree-day is accumulated for each degree a day’s average temperature falls below 65 degrees. An average temperature of 20 degrees Fahrenheit, for example, corresponds to 45 degree-days.

Month Degree-days Gas (100 cu. ft.)

What is the coefficient of determination, rounded to three decimal places?

The Correct Answer: 0.991

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17.     Not Answered     How does the fuel consumption of a car change as its speed increases? Here are data for a British Ford Escort. Speed is measured in kilometers per hour, and fuel consumption is measured in liter of gasoline used per 100 kilometers traveled.

Speed (km/h) Fuel Used (liters/100 km)

What is the coefficient of determination, rounded to three decimal places?

The Correct Answer: 0.029

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18.     Not Answered     Refer back to question two. The value coefficient of determination can be interpreted in which of the following ways?

The Correct Answer: Speed explains 2.9% of the variation in fuel consumption.

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19.     Not Answered     How do you construct a residual plot?

The Correct Answer: Plot the predictor variable along the horizontal axis and the residuals along the vertical axis.

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20.     Not Answered     What criteria are necessary in a residual plot in order for a linear model to be appropriate?

The Correct Answer: both of the above

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21.     Not Answered     Refer back to question one. Is a linear model appropriate for this data set?

The Correct Answer: Yes

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22.     Not Answered     Refer back to question two. Is a linear model appropriate for this data set?

The Correct Answer: No, because a discernable pattern is visible.

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23.     Not Answered     In analyzing a scatter diagram, how do we determine if outliers are present?

The Correct Answer: both of the above

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24.     Not Answered     Which of the following represents an observation that significantly affects the value of the slope and/or intercept?

The Correct Answer: influential observation

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25.     Not Answered     Change the exponential expression, 1.23 = m, to an equivalent expression involving a logarithm.

The Correct Answer: 3 = log1.2m

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26.     Not Answered     Change the logarithmic expression, log35 = c, to an equivalent expression involving an exponent.

The Correct Answer: 3c = 5

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27.     Not Answered     Write the following expression as a sum of logarithms. Express powers as factors.

logd (a3b7)

The Correct Answer: 3logd a + 7logd b

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28.     Not Answered     Evaluate the following logarithmic expression. Round your answer to three decimal places.

log 6.2

The Correct Answer: 0.792

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29.     Not Answered     Beth is interested in finding a function that explains the closing price of Dell Computer stock at the end of each month. She obtains the following data:

Date Closing Price

Using a graphing utility, fit an exponential model to this data, rounded to five decimal places. Let 1 represent November 1996, 2 represent December 1996, and so on.

The Correct Answer: y = 6.27284(1.10426)x

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30.     Not Answered     Scott drops a ball from various heights and records the time it takes for the ball to hit the ground. Using a motion detector connected to his graphing calculator, he collects the following data:

Time t

(seconds) 1.528 2.015 3.852 4.154 4.625

Distance s

(meters) 11.46 19.99 72.41 84.45 104.23

Using a graphing utility, fit a power model to this data, rounded to three decimal places.

The Correct Answer: y = 4.934x1.993

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1.     Not Answered     An experiment consists of rolling a die once. If an odd number appears on the die, a coin is flipped once. If an even number appears on the die, a coin is flipped twice. Which of the following lists the elements of the sample space in this experiment, using “H” to denote heads, and “T” to denote tails?

The Correct Answer: {1H, 1T, 2HH, 2HT, 2TT, 2TH, 3H, 3T, 4HH, 4HT, 4TT, 4TH, 5H, 5T, 6HH, 6HT, 6TT, 6TH}

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2.     Not Answered     An experimenter concludes that the more times a die is rolled, the proportion of getting a four becomes closer and closer to 1/6. What phenomenon is being described here?

The Correct Answer: The Law of Large Numbers

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3.     Not Answered     What approach is being used if probabilities are approximated by dividing the number of times an event is observed by the number of repetitions of the experiment?

The Correct Answer: The Empirical Method

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4.     Not Answered     In a standard deck of 52 cards, what is the probability of drawing a face card?

The Correct Answer: 3/13

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5.     Not Answered     Abby, Deborah, Sam, Tonya, and Roberto work in a firm’s public relations office. Their employer must choose two of them to attend a conference in Paris. To avoid unfairness, the choice will be made by drawing two names from a hat. How many total possible two-person combinations are there?

The Correct Answer: 10

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6.     Not Answered     Refer back to question five. What is the probability of choosing Deborah and Sam?

The Correct Answer: 1/10

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7.     Not Answered     What is the probability that Tonya is chosen?

The Correct Answer: 3/10

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8.     Not Answered     The following data represent the high temperature distribution for the month of August in Chicago since 1872.

Temperature Days

Approximate the probability, rounded to the nearest whole number, that a randomly selected day in Chicago during the month of August has a high temperature between 90 and 99 degrees Fahrenheit.

The Correct Answer: 13%

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9.     Not Answered     Which of the following should be interpreted with extreme caution?

The Correct Answer: subjective probabilities

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10.     Not Answered     Select a first-year college student at random and ask what his or her academic rank was in high school. Here are the probabilities, based on proportions from a large sample survey of first-year students:

What is the probability that a randomly chosen first-year college student was not in the top 20% of his or her high school class?

The Correct Answer: 0.59

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11.     Not Answered     Refer back to question ten. What is the probability that a first-year student was in the top 40% in high school?

The Correct Answer: 0.64

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12.     Not Answered     Choose an acre of land in Canada at random. The probability is 0.35 that it is forest and 0.03 that it is pasture. What is the probability that the acre chosen is not forested?

The Correct Answer: 0.65

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13.     Not Answered     Refer back to question twelve. What is the probability that the acre chosen is either forest of pasture?

The Correct Answer: 0.38

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14.     Not Answered     Refer back to question twelve. What is the probability that a randomly chosen acre in Canada is something other that forest or pasture?

The Correct Answer: 0.62

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15.     Not Answered     Given the following events, which are mutually exclusive?

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

B = { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

C = {0}

The Correct Answer: both of the above

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16.     Not Answered     Which of the following are examples of independent events?

The Correct Answer: weight and IQ

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17.     Not Answered     A box contains the six letters, RANDOM. What is the probability of the outcome DAN in that order if three letters are drawn one by one with replacement?

The Correct Answer: 1/216

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18.     Not Answered     A box contains the six letters, RANDOM. What is the probability of the outcome DAN in that order if three letters are drawn one by one without replacement?

The Correct Answer: 1/120

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19.     Not Answered     There are two boxes that contain colored and white balls. Box one contains 2 colored and 3 white balls. Box 2 contains 4 colored and 2 white balls. A ball is drawn at random from box 1. Then a ball is drawn at random from box 2, and the colors of balls from both boxes are recorded in order.

What is the probability of two white balls?

The Correct Answer: 1/5

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20.     Not Answered     Refer back to question four. What is the probability of at least one colored ball?

The Correct Answer: 4/5

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21.     Not Answered     Refer back to question four. What is the probability of at most one colored ball?

The Correct Answer: 11/15

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22.     Not Answered     Here are the counts (in thousands) of earned degrees in the United States in a recent year, classified by level and by the sex of the degree recipient:

  Bachelor’s Masters Professional Doctorate Total

What is the conditional probability that you choose a woman, given that the person chosen received a professional degree, rounded to three decimal places?

The Correct Answer: 0.4054

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23.     Not Answered     Carlin’s Pizza House offers 3 kinds of salads, 15 kinds of pizza, and 4 kinds of desserts. How many different three-course meals can be ordered?

The Correct Answer: 180

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24.     Not Answered     If a coin is tossed five times, in how many different ways can the sequence of heads and tails appear?

The Correct Answer: 32

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25.     Not Answered     Sally has four red flags, three green flags, and two white flags. How many nine-flag signals can she run up a flagpole?

The Correct Answer: 1260

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26.     Not Answered     Assume a class has 30 members. In how many ways can a president, vice-president, and a secretary be selected?

The Correct Answer: 24360

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27.     Not Answered     A five-volume numbered set of books is placed randomly on a shelf. What is the probability that the books will be numbered in the order from left to right?

The Correct Answer: 1/120

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28.     Not Answered     Assume a club has 30 members. How many committees of three people can be chosen?

The Correct Answer: 4060

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29.     Not Answered     How many different five-card hands can be dealt from a standard deck of 52 playing cards?

The Correct Answer: 2598960

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30.     Not Answered     In a certain lottery game, 54 numbers are randomly mixed and six are selected. A person must pick all six numbers to win. Order is not important. What is the probability of winning?

The Correct Answer: 1/25827165

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1.     Not Answered     Which of the following random variables is discrete?

The Correct Answer: The number of 90 and higher degree-days in Chicago during the summer.

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2.     Not Answered     Which of the following random variables is continuous?

The Correct Answer: The time it takes to drive from Chicago to Indianapolis.

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3.     Not Answered     Which of the following is a probability distribution?

The Correct Answer: x P(X = x)

1 0.25  2 0.04  3 0.36  4 0.21  5 0.14

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4.     Not Answered     In the following probability distribution, the random variable X represents the number of bad switches found by an inspector.

x P(X = x)   0 0.35  1 0.38 2 0.2 3 0.05 4 0.02

Draw a probability histogram. What is the shape of the distribution?

The Correct Answer: right skewed

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5.     Not Answered     Refer back to question four. What is mean of the random variable X, rounded to two decimal places?

The Correct Answer: 1.01

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6.     Not Answered     Refer back to question four. What is the standard deviation of the random variable X, rounded to two decimal places?

The Correct Answer: 1.01

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7.     Not Answered     Refer back to question four. What is the variance of the random variable X, rounded to two decimal places?

The Correct Answer: 1.02

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8.     Not Answered     Refer back to question four. What is the probability that the inspector finds 2 bad switches?

The Correct Answer: 0.2

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9.     Not Answered     Refer back to question four. What is the probability that the inspector finds 3 or 4 bad switches?

The Correct Answer: 0.07

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10.     Not Answered     Suppose it costs $8 to roll a pair of dice. You get paid the sum of the numbers in dollars that appear on the dice. What is the expected value of this game?

The Correct Answer: $7

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11.     Not Answered     Refer back to question ten. Based on the expected value, is this a fair game?

The Correct Answer: no

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12.     Not Answered     Determine which of the following probability experiments qualify as a binomial experiment.

The Correct Answer: Fifty students are taught about binomial distributions by a television program. After completing their study, all students take the same examination. The number of students who pass is counted.

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13.     Not Answered     Among employed women, 25% have never been married. Select 10 employed women at random.

What is the probability that exactly 2 of the 10 women in your sample have never been married?

The Correct Answer: 0.2816

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14.     Not Answered     Refer back to question thirteen. What is the probability that 2 or fewer have never been married?

The Correct Answer: 0.5256

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15.     Not Answered     Refer back to question thirteen. What is the probability that more than 2 have never been married?

The Correct Answer: 0.4744

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16.     Not Answered     Among employed women, 25% have never been married. Select 10 employed women at random.

What is the probability that at least 5 of them have never been married?

The Correct Answer: 0.0781

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17.     Not Answered     Refer back to question one. What is the probability that no more than 6 of them have ever been married?

The Correct Answer: 0.9965

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18.     Not Answered     One way of checking the effect of undercoverage, nonresponse, and other sources of error in a sample survey is to compare the sample with known facts about the population. About 12% of American Adults are black. The number X of blacks in a random sample of 1500 adults should therefore vary with the binomial (n = 1500, p = 0.12) distribution.

What is the mean of X?

The Correct Answer: 180

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19.     Not Answered     Refer back to question three. What is the standard deviation of X?

The Correct Answer: 12.5857

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20.     Not Answered     As the number of trials “n” in a binomial experiment increase, the probability distribution of the random variable X becomes which of the following?

The Correct Answer: bell-shaped

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21.     Not Answered     Refer back to questions three and four. Using the answers for these questions and the Empirical Rule, which of the following is an unusual result?

The Correct Answer: In a random sample of 1500 adults, 210 are black.

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22.     Not Answered     How is the Poisson probability distribution different from the binomial probability distribution?

The Correct Answer: The Poisson probability distribution focuses on a specific interval (usually time or space).

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23.     Not Answered     The mean number of business failures per hour in the United States in a recent year was about 8. (Source: The Wall Street Journal Almanac)

Find the probability that exactly 4 businesses will fail in any given hour.

The Correct Answer: 0.057

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24.     Not Answered     Refer back to question eight. Find the probability that at least 4 businesses will fail in any given hour.

The Correct Answer: 0.9577

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25.     Not Answered     Refer back to question eight. Find the probability that more than 4 businesses will fail in any given hour.

The Correct Answer: 0.9004

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26.     Not Answered     A newspaper finds that the mean number of typographical errors per page is four. Find the probability that exactly three typographical errors will be found on a page.

The Correct Answer: 0.1954

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27.     Not Answered     Refer back to question eleven. Find the probability that at most three typographical errors will be found on a page.

The Correct Answer: 0.4335

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28.     Not Answered     Refer back to question eleven. Find the probability that more than three typographical errors will be found on a page.

The Correct Answer: 0.5665

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 29.     Not Answered     At one point in a recent year, the mean number of strokes per hole for golfer Tiger Woods was about 3.9. Find the standard deviation.

The Correct Answer: 2.0

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30.     Not Answered     In Rapid City, South Dakota, the mean number of days with 0.01 inch or more of precipitation for May is 12. If a researcher wants to determine the probability that Rapid City has 18 days with 0.01 inch or more precipitation next May, she would use which of the following probability distributions?

The Correct Answer: Poisson